The PIPA project was implemented in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. All three countries have made a ratification of the Paris climate agreement, with Tanzania becoming the 176th country to have endorsed the 2015 pact aiming to avoid the most devastating effects of climate change in April 2018. Kenya is the only one of the three countries to have a Climate Change Act, with the Act passing in 2016.

Kenya's National Determined Contribution (NDC) sets out the country’s contribution to abate emissions by 30% relative to the business as usual scenario. Tanzania intends to cut between 10-20% by 2030. Uganda’s commitment is to cut emissions by 22% on a business as usual basis by 2030 through a series of policies and measures in the energy, forestry and wetlands sectors, to be complemented by climate-smart agriculture and transport. While Kenya ranks as a middle-income country, Tanzania and Uganda are least developed countries (LDCs), and therefore Article 4.3 and 4.6 in the Paris Agreement apply to understanding the different baselines of their respective NDCs.

Although these three countries have relatively strong CSO movements, the CSO role in drawing up the NDCs has been quite limited. This partly explains the weaknesses of the resulting NDCs, where governments mostly propose mitigation measures through large-scale solutions that can, for instance, generate power for the national electricity grid. These solutions would only indirectly benefit poor and vulnerable communities, most of which have no access to the electricity grid.

INTRODUCTION

More  than  85  %  of  the  population  in  Tanzania  approximately  48  million  people  lack  access  to  clean cooking solutions, costing trillions of shillings a year in damage to health, the climate, and local economies.

Changing the way families cook their food, by using clean energy and efficient appliances  will  help  reduce  deforestation,  drive  gender  equality,  reduce  poverty,  provide  enormous health benefits and slow climate change. Providing  clean  cooking  solutions  to  households,  institutions  and  SMEs  is  crucial  to  achieving  national energy targets, global climate and sustainable development goals.

Accelerating  progress  towards  inclusive  access,  large scale  adoption  and sustained use of  clean  cooking  solutions  in  Tanzania  need  to  be  a  top  political,  economic,  and  environmental  priority going  hand  in  hand  with  inclusive  policies  and  programmes.  The  process  requires  efforts,  collaboration and coordination to achieve the national sustainable energy for all (SE4ALL)targetof more than 75% of the population accessing clean cooking solutions in Tanzania by 2030.

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